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tariqjavaid said:Government
The Interim Constitution of Southern Sudan of 2005 is the supreme law of South Sudan. The constitution establishes a presidential system of government headed by a President who is both Head of State, Head of Government, and the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. John Garang, the founder of the SPLA/M was the first President of the autonomous government until his death on 30 July 2005. Salva Kiir Mayardit, his deputy, was sworn in as First Vice President of Sudan and President of the Government of Southern Sudan on 11 August 2005. Riek Machar replaced him as Vice-President. Legislative power is vested in the government and the unicameral South Sudan Legislative Assembly. The Constitution also provides for an independent judiciary, the highest organ being the Supreme Court.
A Defense Paper on defence processes was initiated in 2007 by then Minister for SPLA Affairs Dominic Dim Deng, and a draft was produced in 2008. It declared that Southern Sudan would eventually maintain land, air, and riverine forces. tariqjavaid said:Foreign relations
Sudan announced prior to the South's independence that an embassy would be opened immediately in Juba upon independence. Egypt announced it intended to be the second state to recognise the south. Norway and the United States also announced their intent to recognise the state prior to its independence. The African Union issued a statement on 8 February 2011 that South Sudan would be welcomed as the 54th member upon independence. Full membership in the Arab League has also been assured, should the South Sudanese government choose to seek it, though it could also opt for observer status. Pope Benedict XVI sent a formal delegation to the celebrations on 9th July, 2011. The exact nature of relations with North Sudan is still being decided. North Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir suggested an EU-style confederation, and also announced that dual citizenship of the North and the South would be allowed, although he later retracted the offer of dual citizenship. tariqjavaid said:States and counties
South Sudan is divided into ten states which correspond to three historical regions of the Sudan: Bahr el Ghazal, Equatoria, and Greater Upper Nile.
The ten states are further subdivided into 86 counties. Language
South Sudan is composed of more than 200 ethnic groups and is, along with the adjacent Nuba Hills, one of the most linguistically diverse regions of Africa. However, many of the languages are quite small, with only a few thousand speakers. tariqjavaid said:Religion
Unlike the predominantly Muslim population of Sudan, the South Sudanese follow traditional religions, while a minority are Christians. Roman Catholic missionaries began work in Sudan in 1842; there are now some 2,009,374 South Sudanese practicing Roman Catholicism. The majority of Christians in South Sudan are adherents of either the Roman Catholic or Anglican churches (represented by the Episcopal Church of the Sudan) but there are several other small denominations represented. Speaking at Saint Theresa Cathedral in Juba, South Sudanese President Salva Kiir Mayardit, a Roman Catholic, stated that South Sudan would be a nation which respects the freedom of religion. History
According to the Federal Research Division of the US Library of Congress: "in the early 1990s possibly no more than 10 percent of southern Sudan's population was Christian". Modern day
South Sudan's population is predominantly Christian. Amongst Christians, most are Catholic and Anglican, though other denominations are also active, and animist beliefs are often blended with Christian beliefs. In recent years Christian churches have grown, often as a sign of resistance to the Arab-Muslim north; this however is typically characterized as racism, rather than religious persecution, between the predominantly Arab North and the non-Arab/black African South. tariqjavaid said:Economy
Sudan exports timber to the international market. Some of the states with the best known teaks and natural trees for timber are Western Equatoria and Cent One of the major natural features of the South Sudan is the River Nile whose many tributaries have sources in the country. The region also contains many natural resources such as petroleum, iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, and hydropower. The country's economy, as in many other developing countries, is heavily dependent on agriculture. Some of the agricultural produce includes cotton, groundnuts (peanuts), sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), mangos, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, and sesame. In Central Equatoria some teak plantations are at Kegulu, the other, oldest planted forest reserves are Kawale, Lijo, Loka West and Nuni. Western Equatoria timber resources include Mvuba trees at Zamoi. Oil
South Sudan produced 85% of Sudanese oil output. The oil revenues according to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) were to be split equally for the duration of the agreement period. Oil revenues constitute more than 98% of the government of South Sudan's budget. The oil and other mineral resources can be found throughout South Sudan, but the Bentiu is commonly known as being especially rich in oil, while Jonglei, Warap and Lakes states have potential reserves.
In recent years, a significant amount of foreign-based oil drilling has begun in South Sudan, raising the land's geopolitical profile. Khartoum has partitioned much of Sudan into blocks, with about 85% of the oil coming from the South. Blocks 1, 2, and 4 are controlled by the largest overseas consortium, the Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company (GNPOC). GNPOC is composed of the following players: China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC, People's Republic of China), with a 40% stake; Petronas (Malaysia), with 30%; Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (India), with 25%; and Sudapet of the central Sudan government with 5%.
The other producing blocks in the South are blocks 3 and 7 in Eastern Upper Nile. These blocks are controlled by Petrodar which is 41% owned by CNPC, 40% by Petronas, 8% by Sudapet, 6% by Sinopec Corp and 5% by Al Thani.
Another major block in the South, called Block B by Khartoum, is claimed by several players. Total of France was awarded the concession for the 90,000 square kilometre block in the 1980s but has since done limited work invoking "force majeure". Various elements of the SPLM handed out the block or parts thereof to other parties of South Sudan. Several of these pre-Naivasha deals were rejected when the SPLM/A leader Dr. John Garang de Mabior lost power.
The wealth-sharing section of the CPA states that all agreements signed prior to the CPA would hold; they would not be subject to review by the National Petroleum Commission (NPC), a commission set up by the CPA and composed of both Khartoum and Southerners and co-chaired by both President al-Bashir of Khartoum and President Kiir of South Sudan. However, the CPA does not specify who could sign those pre-CPA agreements. Nice Info
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